Integrated farming
Integrated farming is a form of agriculture aimed at minimizing the use of inputs from outside the farm by implementing a variety of production enterprises, long and diversified crop rotations, crop residue or animal excreta restitution to the soil. Their implementation promotes the recycling soil nutrients and overall soil quality, and reduces the issues linked to pests and diseases. In line with the principles of agroecology, integrated farming relies on a global or systemic approach of farm management whose aim is to better organise the interactions between production enterprises in time and/or in space (eg. supply of grain legumes from the cropping system to the livestock system, and provision of manure from the livestock system to the cropping system). Thus, the implementation of integrated farming is favoured by crop-livestock farming. Conservation agriculture, which implies long and diversified crop rotations, reduced-tillage and permanent soil cover, is another example of integrated farming.
References to explore
Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Oliveira, Carolina Bremm, Ibanor Anghinoni, Anibal de Moraes, Taise Robinson Kunrath , Paulo César de Faccio Carvalho. 2014. Comparison of an integrated crop–livestock system with soybean only: Economic and production responses in southern Brazil. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. Volume 29, Numéro 3 Septembre 2014 , pp. 230-238.
Hendrickson, J. R., Hanson, J. D., Tanaka, D. L., & Sassenrath, G. 2008. Principles of integrated agricultural systems: Introduction to processes and definition. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 23(4), 265.